Studying abuse testing on lithium-ion battery packaging for energy storage systems

Recently, the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly demanded
new energy storage systems (ESS) technologies. In this way, Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the
mainstream technology for this application. Lithium presents several advantages compared with
other chemicals because it can provide delivery energy for a long time, a long lifetime, and high
density and capacity. The LIB comprises several cells connected in different configurations, such
as parallel, series, or combinations. This variety of designs makes the monitoring control process
more complex, complicating diagnosing and prognosis of abuses and failures. To observe these
difficulties, this paper presents sixteen experiments of a mini-packing of four cells under the main
abuses found in the LIB. The time series data were collected during the abuses and saved in a CSV
file. The results indicated that the current, temperature, and voltage should be used to identify the
external short-circuit (ESC) failures in the packing of batteries. On the other side, only the voltage
signature is able to determine the Over-Charging (OC), and finally, the combination of temperature
and voltage should be used to identify and locate the Over-Discharging (OD) failures in different
arrangements of packing. This study also provides ways to build mechanisms to protect the cells and
avoid loss of performance and safety issues.